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- $Unique_ID{BRK04016}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Mumps}
- $Subject{Mumps Parotitis Infective Parotitis Meningitis Orchitis Arthritis
- Infectious Oophoritis Pancreatitis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 741:
- Mumps
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Mumps) is not the name
- you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the alternate names
- and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Parotitis
- Infective Parotitis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Meningitis
- Orchitis
- Arthritis, Infectious
- Oophoritis
- Pancreatitis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Mumps is an acute viral illness that causes a painful inflammation and
- swelling of the saliva glands. These glands include the parotid,
- submaxillary, sublingual and buccal salivary glands. Mumps used to be a
- common infectious disease of childhood until a vaccine was developed in 1967
- to immunize children against the virus that causes the disorder. However,
- recent outbreaks of mumps among adolescents and young adults have raised
- questions about lifetime immunity from the vaccine.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Mumps is a very contagious viral illness that has an incubation period of
- about 14-24 days after exposure. The onset of this illness is characterized
- by headache, loss of appetite, a general feeling of ill-health (malaise), and
- a low to moderate fever. Within 24 hours the temperature may suddenly rise
- to about 104 degrees Fahrenheit and be associated with a painful swelling of
- the parotid glands in front of the ears and under the jaw. In most cases,
- the salivary glands on both sides of the jaw are affected. The submaxillary
- and sublingual glands (principally in the floor of the mouth) and the buccal
- glands (that are scattered beneath the mucous membranes of the cheeks) may
- also be swollen and tender. The skin over the affected area may be
- stretched, opening the mouth can be difficult, and there may be a sensitivity
- to pressure on the jaw. Chewing and swallowing is painful and foods that are
- sour or acidic should be avoided. The disease lasts between 5 to 6 days and
- usually results in a lifelong immunity to the virus.
-
- Mumps can involve other organs especially in those people past puberty.
- Males who contract mumps can develop a painful inflammation of the testes.
- This inflammation can damage the testes and may cause sterility. Females
- with mumps can develop inflammation of the ovaries (oophoritis).
-
- Causes
-
- Mumps is a contagious disease that is caused by a virus. It is transmitted
- through saliva by direct contact, or in the form of airborne droplets from
- the nose, throat or mouth. The virus enters the body through the upper
- respiratory tract.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Since the mumps vaccine was developed in 1967, this disorder has become an
- uncommon viral disease. It affects males and females in equal numbers. If a
- person is not immunized against mumps the disease will occur most often in
- children between the ages of five and fifteen, but adults can also be
- affected. In recent years there have been outbreaks of mumps on college
- campuses in the United States which has raised question about long-term
- immunity from the mumps vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is
- trying to determine whether people during specific years should be re-
- vaccinated.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- People with Mumps may develop the following disorders as a complication of
- this disease:
-
- Infectious Arthritis may occur as a complication of mumps. It is
- characterized by fever, chills, general weakness and headaches, followed by
- inflammation of one or more joints. The affected joint or joints often
- become painful, swollen, slightly red, and stiff within hours or days. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Arthritis, Infectious" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Meningioencephalitis can be a complication of mumps. It is characterized
- by inflammation of the membranes (meninges) around the brain or spinal cord
- and also the brain tissue. It can begin suddenly (acute) or develop
- gradually (subacute). (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Meningitis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Orchitis causes very painful swelling of the testes, headache, nausea and
- vomiting. This infection can cause damage to the testes which may include
- wasting (atrophy) and sterility.
-
- Oophoritis is a painful inflammation of the ovaries. It is characterized
- by lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge or irregular bleeding. Excessive
- menstrual bleeding may also be symptomatic of this disorder.
-
- Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis can be
- caused by many different conditions or infections including mumps. The
- pancreas produces enzymes to help break down carbohydrates and proteins
- during digestion. It is characterized by nausea and vomiting, fever, chills,
- severe abdominal pain and abdominal distention.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Mumps is a self-limiting disease that requires little or no treatment. A
- soft, bland diet may help the pain caused by chewing. Acetaminophen
- (e.g.,Tylenol), given every 4 hours, will help reduce the fever and pain.
- Aspirin should NOT be given to children with Mumps because it can cause
- Reye's Syndrome. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Reye
- Syndrome" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Cases of the Mumps have been greatly reduced with the introduction of the
- live attenuated mumps virus vaccine in 1967. All children should be
- immunized with this vaccine. It can be given singularly or together with the
- measles and rubella vaccine (MMR), around 15 months of age.
-
- Because of recent outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in those
- persons previously immunized, lifetime immunity with only one vaccination is
- in question. It may be advisable to ask a pediatrician whether a second
- immunization be given before entering school. Adults who have been exposed
- to mumps or question their immunity to the mumps virus, should consider being
- immunized as a precaution.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Mumps, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 329-3534
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 1580-1582.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 2, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed-in-chief;
- Merck, Sharp & Dohme Laboratories., 1982. Pp. 2039-2041.
-
- MUMPS IN THE WORKPLACE. FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
- A CHILDHOOD VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASE. K. Kaplan, et al.; JAMA (September
- 9, 1988; issue 260(10)). Pp. 1434-1438.
-
- A LARGE OUTBREAK OF MUMPS IN THE POSTVACCINE ERA. M. Wharton, et al.; J
- INFECT DIS (December 1988; issue 158(6)). Pp. 1253-1260.
-
- ADULT IMMUNIZATION. J. Korn, et al.; PRIM CARE (March 1989; issue
- 16(1)). Pp. 177-196.
-
- IMMUNIZATIONS DURING THE ADOLESCENT YEARS. R. Brookman; PRIM CARE (March
- 1987; issue 14(1)). Pp. 25-39.
-
- VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES: THE EMERGENCE OF MUMPS.
- W. Williams, et al.; J AM COLL HEALTH (March 1989; issue 37(5)). Pp. 197-
- 203.
-
-